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What a government shutdown really means

When Congress misses its funding deadline, parts of the federal government close. Here is what stops, what keeps running, and why it ends the way it does.

Key points

  • A shutdown begins when spending laws for the new fiscal year have not passed.
  • Essential services keep running; many offices close and workers are furloughed.
  • It ends when Congress passes funding and the President signs it.

Read the full explainer

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Every explainer is written from primary sources: official statements, court and government documents, and wire reporting: cited at the bottom of the page. We correct errors openly and stamp every page with its last update time.

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